脉冲磁场对高速钢刀具材料微观硬度的影响

研究脉冲磁场对W9Mo3Cr4V高速钢刀具材料微观硬度的影响规律. 利用自行构建的磁处理试验平台对高速钢试样进行定向脉冲磁化处理. 研究不同的脉冲磁场强度、磁场频率和磁化时间对高速钢材料微观硬度的影响规律,通过观察高速钢材料金相组织,分析脉冲磁场作用下高速钢材料的微观组织变化机制. 试验结果表明,在选择合适的脉冲磁化工艺参数条件下,高速钢材料的微观硬度能够明显提高. 脉冲磁场作用促使金属材料中一部分残余奥氏体转化为硬而脆的马氏体,使马氏体含量升高,材料组织变得均匀.      

超短脉冲在色散光纤中的传输特性

笔者研究了超短激光脉冲在色散光纤中的传输,利用傅里叶变换技术进行了理论分析,并以高斯脉冲为例给出了超短脉冲随时间变化的理论公式。数值计算了不同色散级次下脉冲的时域分布,讨论了光纤不同色散级次对脉冲波形的影响。     

A wetness index derived from tree-rings in the Mt. Yishan area of China since 1755 AD and its agricultural implications

Dendroclimatological techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese Pinus(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) growth and climatic variability in the Mt.Yishan region of Shandong Province, China, over the past253 years. Using regression analysis, the wetness index(WI)was reconstructed for the Mt. Yishan area for the period1755–2007 AD based on tree-ring widths; predictor variables accounted for 40 % of the variance. The reconstructed timeseries displayed an increasing trend after the late 1960 s. Both the estimated and the observed WI for May–August were better correlated with precipitation than temperature during the period 1958–2007 AD, indicating that the contribution of precipitation to the WI was larger than temperature in the study area. The reconstructed WI was compared with the dryness/wetness index of China and land areas that were affected by droughts and floods using the agricultural statistics for Shandong Province. In addition, the WI time-series corresponded well with the peanut yield in Shandong Province at high frequency, which may be reasonable in the context of agriculture in Shandong. The 3-, 5- to 6- and 9- to10-year periodicities detected in the time-series suggested that the reconstructed WI in the Mt. Yishan area may be related to large-scale climate variations.     

光阴极注入器补偿线圈用脉冲电流的研究

发射度补偿线圈是光阴极注入器中获得低发射度高品质束流的重要设备.由于通过的直流电流功率较大会致使线圈温度过高,必须使用水冷系统对其进行冷却,因此导致装置体积过大.考虑到电子枪产生的电子束团脉冲宽度一般为ps量级,重复频率为10Hz,针对补偿线圈提出了使用脉冲电流替代直流电流的设想,并对其温升进行了理论计算.结果表明:通过合理设计,使用脉冲电流,补偿线圈可以省掉水冷系统,从而能降低成本,实现实验装置的小型化.     

现浇板框架抗震性能的试验研究及理论分析

以现浇板对空间框架结构抗震性能的影响为主要研究内容,开展了空间框架结构的水平低周反复抗震试验.对框架结构的破坏情况、滞回曲线,以及现浇板纵向钢筋应变、梁端弯矩和现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度进行了分析.分析结果表明,由于现浇板参与工作,框架无法形成"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制;现浇板框架结构的耗能能力较好;现浇板纵筋应变随层间侧移角的增大而增大,表明板参与框架结构受力的程度逐步增强;现浇板的参与使得框架梁端弯矩提高.最后利用拉压杆模型对现浇板受拉有效翼缘宽度进行推导,所得公式与实际情况符合良好,能够有效反映现浇板参与结构抗震工作的情况,可以用于工程实际使用.     

车轮宽度对轿车风阻的影响

针对某三厢轿车,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值计算方法,研究车轮宽度对整车气动性能的影响.通过综合分析不同宽度孤立车轮周围的流场结构变化及具有不同宽度车轮的整车周围流场的结构特性,得到结论:车轮宽度每减小5%,单车轮模型气动阻力约减小9.2%,整车模型气动阻力约减小2%.这是因为减小车轮宽度可以减小车轮两侧的气流分离,缩小尾部涡流区域,降低车轮及汽车尾部湍流强度,从而有助于降低车轮及整车气动阻力.     

基于传递函数和指端脉搏波的桡动脉脉搏波重建

桡动脉脉搏波的检测方法易受人体运动影响,因此提出了传递函数法通过指端脉搏波来估计桡动脉脉搏波.首先,通过分析窗宽和模型阶次建立指端脉搏波到桡动脉脉搏波的传递函数FIR模型;然后,使用测试数据评估模型对桡动脉脉搏波估计的精度.通过对10个受试者10d的样本数据进行分析处理,发现估计的桡动脉脉搏波与实测的桡动脉脉搏波最佳波形匹配度均在70%至92%范围内.结果表明使用传递函数法可以实现对桡动脉脉搏波的初步估计,该方法的提出为桡动脉脉搏波的检测提供了一种更简便的手段.     

Technique for advanced electrochemical oxidation treatment of nanofiltration concentrate of landfill leachate

Landfill leachate treated with combined process of ＂pretreatment ＋biological treatment ＋advanced treatment （NF）＂ to produce nanofiltration concentrate, which bio-chemical ratio （B/C） is less than 0.1 and CODer concentration is 2 000-2 500 mg/L, high salt content. Which cannot be discharged under existing environ- mental standards. According to analysis based on electrochemical advanced oxidation mechanism, a two-step electrochemical tech- nique was recommended. In the first step, a pulse electrochemical technique was adopted. With Fe as consumption electrode and current density of 10 mA/cm2, the pollutants were removed by means of Fenton reaction, electroflotation and electrocoagulation. In the second step, a double function electrode was used to per- form electrocatalytic oxidation by means of titanium metallic oxi- dates. In the condition that current density being 12.5 mA/cm2, the pollutants were further removed by oxidation and electrolytic deposition. Result shows that the removing rate of CODer, NH3-N and CI were 70%-85%, 90% and 25%, respectively; average value of B/C ratio increased from 0.09 to 0.38 and conductivity reduced by 10%.     

同位镀锑膜示差脉冲溶出伏安法测定水中痕量铅

本文研究示差脉冲伏安分析法测定溶液中痕量重金属铅离子。以同位镀锑膜电极作为工作电极,0.5mol/L KCl溶液作为支持电解质,铅离子的溶出峰在-0.47 V,富积时间为110 s,在(0~80)μg/L浓度范围内峰电流与铅离子浓度呈线性关系,对于溶液中铅离子的检测限达到0.06μg/L。同位镀锑电极具有廉价、低毒性、高灵敏和稳定性好的特点,可以用于环境水样中重金属离子的实时分析检测。     

含圆柱形夹杂金属构件脉冲放电温度场研究

针对含圆柱形非金属夹杂缺陷的金属构件脉冲放电问题,理论导出了圆柱绕流的电流密度分布,进而基于非傅立叶热传导方程求得升温阶段的温度场分布;采用有限元软件建立了含圆柱形非金属夹杂缺陷金属构件的二维有限元模型,从数值角度分析了温度场分布情况:沿通电方向夹杂两侧的温升几乎为零,垂直于通电方向夹杂两侧的温升最大,为2041.499℃。将理论计算与数值分析结果对比可知,两方法所得的温升比分布规律一致,最大温度误差和相对误差分别为17.486℃、3.485%。通过理论、数值两个方面分析验证了电磁热强化对含非金属夹杂缺陷的金属构件性能改善的有效性,为电磁热强化技术的应用奠定了基础。